Research and Reviews in Biotechnology and Biosciences (RRBB) is an open access journal devoted to publish research papers from all areas of plant science to share advances to a wider audience. The journal publishes research and review papers and is indexed in Google Scholar and many other . 

The Journal is Published By Lyallpur Khalsa College, Jalandhar, Punjab, India

• ISSN: 2321-8681 
• Previous UGC Approval No: 63959
• Journal Index Copernicus Value: 64.67
• Peer Review Process: Blind Peer Review Process
• No Publication & Processing Fees
• Frequency of Publication: Biannual (2 Issues Per Year)
• Languages: English
• Accessibility: Open Access
• Plagiarism Checker: Plagiarism X

The journal invites submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence, and will publish:

1. Original articles (research paper, short communications, etc)
2. Review articles
3. Conference reports
4. Book reviews, etc.

Interested in submitting to this journal? We recommend that you review the About the Journal page for the journal's section policies, as well as the Author Guidelines. 

Principal Contact
Dr. Arun Dev Sharma
Editor-in-Chief
PG Dept. of Biotechnology, Lyallpur Khalsa College, Jalandhar, Punjab, India,
E-mail: arundevsharma47@rediffmail.com

Aims and Scope

RRBB brings out research findings in all areas of plant science. RRBB is a peer reviewed, open access, online journal.  Papers published by the journal aim to represent important advances within the field. We are committed to provide an efficient service for both authors and readers. Several independent reviewers and editor from allo over the world are offering their expertise to the journal. An unbiased peer-review system allows our team of editors to make rapid decisions. Accepted papers are published without delay and added to the current issue, thus ensure continuous online publication.

Research & Reviews in Biotechnology and Biosciences is an National peer reviewed research journal, published two times per year, which is devoted to publish original research contributions in several domains of Biotechnology and Biosciences. RRBB publishes Research Articles, Short Communications, Reviews, Opinion, Articles and Letters to the Editor/Publisher as per the followings sections, Biochemical Processes: primary and secondary metabolism, and biochemistry, Bio-technology: plant, animal, microbial, Photo-biology and Photosynthesis Processes, Cell Biology, Genes and Development, Plant Signalling and Response, Plant Nutrition, Growth and Differentiation: seed physiology, hormonal physiology and photomor-phogenesis, Post-Harvest Physiology, Crop Physiology and Stress Physiology, Plant-Microbe and Plant-Insect Interactions, Instrumentation in Biotechnology and Bio-sciences, Bioinformatics, Food Science, Medicinal Plants, Ethnobotany, Environmental biology, Marine biology, Viorology, Bioinformatics, Biophysics, Evolutionary biology.

Current Issue

Year: 2023   Volume-10, Issue-2, (July-December)

Paper Title	Mushroom Farming: Exploring Varieties, Cultivation Strategies, and Endless Possibilities
Author Name	Mukundraj Govindrao Rathod
Author Email	mukundraj9@gmail.com
Country	India
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10677316
Page No.	1-11
Abstract     Download Pdf

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Mushroom Farming: Exploring Varieties, Cultivation Strategies, and Endless Possibilities

Author (Mukundraj Govindrao Rathod)

This paper delves into the dynamic realm of mushroom farming, investigating a spectrum of innovative approaches that encompass varieties, cultivation strategies, and the boundless prospects they collectively offer. With a focus on contemporary trends, the study navigates through an array of mushroom varieties, spotlighting their unique attributes and potential applications. It probes into novel cultivation strategies that span traditional to cutting-edge methodologies, shedding light on their respective efficiencies and ecological impacts. Amidst these trends, the paper underscores the limitless emerging possibilities. From culinary delights to medicinal marvels, mushrooms have surged beyond the realm of gastronomy, finding applications in pharmaceuticals, bioremediation, and sustainable materials. By amalgamating the exploration of diverse varieties and cultivation techniques, this paper charts a course for enthusiasts, farmers, and researchers to harness the rich possibilities that mushroom farming embodies. In conclusion, this exploration emphasizes the symbiotic relationship between evolving mushroom varieties and innovative cultivation practices, providing insights into the transformative potential they hold. As mushroom farming extends its mycelial reach into various industries, it beckons us to re-imagine our relationship with these fungal allies and embark on a journey of discovery and innovation.

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Paper Title	Exploring hydrocarbon degrading ability of bacteria isolated from engine oil polluted soil.
Author Name	Chaithra. J. Rai, Bharathi Prakash, Girisha S K
Author Email	bharatiprakash21@gmail.com
Country	India
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10677331
Page No.	12-17
Abstract     Download Pdf

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Exploring hydrocarbon degrading ability of bacteria isolated from engine oil polluted soil.

Author (Chaithra. J. Rai, Bharathi Prakash, Girisha S K)

This study was conducted to assess the capabilities of bacterial isolates obtained from oil-polluted sites with waste engine oil. Engine oil is made of crude petroleum, it mainly consists of hydrocarbons which includes aliphatic, aromatic hydrocarbons, alkyl compounds, resins etc. and trace amounts of Sulphur or nitrogen. To treat these toxic pollutants bioremediation is an environment friendly approach to reduce their intensity of toxicity.

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Paper Title	Impact of Commercial Detergents on Organogenesis in Allium Cepa L and Utility of Foldscpe Tool
Author Name	Pradeep Madhamanchi1, Haritha Ronanki1, Shanthi Devi Chikile1, Kishore Madhamanchi2, Hemanth Paidi1, M. Abdul Kareem3
Author Email	bharatiprakash21@gmail.com
Country	India
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10677339
Page No.	18-28
Abstract     Download Pdf

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Impact of Commercial Detergents on Organogenesis in Allium Cepa L and Utility of Foldscpe Tool

Author (Pradeep Madhamanchi1, Haritha Ronanki1, Shanthi Devi Chikile1, Kishore Madhamanchi2, Hemanth Paidi1, M. Abdul Kareem3)

Detergents are chemically made cleaning agents extensively used in households, industries; hospitals etc. and the spent detergents are released into nearby water bodies. Such detergent polluted water is often utilized for agriculture and home garden irrigation purposes. Much study has not been done to explore the impact of this polluted water on crop growth and its productivity. The current study tried to demonstrate the impact of some commonly used commercial detergents on crop growth by taking organogenesis in onion (Allium cepa L.) as model system and by utilizing low cost, origami based paper microscope tool i.e. foldscope. Our study divulged that for most of the detergents the minimum inhibitory concentration of organogenesis was 0.5% and compromised organogenesis was observed at low detergent concentrations (0.006, 0.012 and 0.025%). Stunted roots and decreased root density in onions were observed at higher detergent concentrations. Altered cell morphology (more dehydrated cells) and disordered cellular arrangement was observed in roots that were grown in high detergent concentrations by using Foldscope.

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Paper Title	Nano-pesticide for Agriculture: Applications& Benefits
Author Name	Anushka Katare
Author Email	akatare994@gmail.com
Country	India
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10677342
Page No.	29-39
Abstract     Download Pdf

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Nano-pesticide for Agriculture: Applications& Benefits

Author (Anushka Katare)

Use of pesticides are started in 1948 in India. Now a days the pesticides are become an unavoidable part of agriculture. The farmers are widely using of pesticides to protect their crop or make the good yield but if we use this chemical in excess so that could be because hazard to the environmental health for all that reasons the nanotechnology is used to making Nano pesticides to reduce the environmental hazard. Nanopesticide is revolution in pesticides, it’s aimed are to lower the concentration of active ingredient and higher the solubility for avoid soil degradation. Nano size molecule or active constituent are present in nanopesticide. The research community have been expanding conceptions of controlled release formulation, nano emulsion, solid base Nano pesticides.The nanopesticides are that kind of materials which are formulated by nanomaterials they are specially hybrid substrate formulated in nanocarrier for enzyme mediated triggers. Nanopesticides are generally made-up of organic ingredients like polymer and inorganic materials like oxides or metals one of e.g., is silicananosphere that increase capability of pesticides. There are some methods to do nano-pesticides or eco-friendly nanopesticides. This review gives us summary of importance of pesticides in agriculture use and some ecological methods of pesticides. It has special properties to minimise dosage

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Paper Title	Sustainable Synthesis of Nano Fertilizer and Applications In The Field Of Agriculture.
Author Name	Dixit Karan Shankar
Author Email	karansdixit@gmail.com
Country	India
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10677348
Page No.	40-46
Abstract     Download Pdf

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Sustainable Synthesis of Nano Fertilizer and Applications In The Field Of Agriculture.

Author (Dixit Karan Shankar)

For plants to absorb nutrients, fertilizers with specific chemical composition and higher analytical value are utilized. A fertilizer can contain any combination of nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, and other necessary elements. The components must be easily accessible to plants, water-soluble, stable for long-term use, and affordable. It should also maintain the soil pH between 7 and 8 and be non-toxic to plants. Solids can exist in two forms amorphous and crystalline and are composed of tiny particles that aggregate to form larger granules. When these particles are smaller than 100 nm in size, they are referred to as nanomaterials. Nanomaterials have unique properties that differ from bulk materials due to their large surface area. They have been studied for their potential applications in fields such as agriculture ,catalysis, sensing devices, semiconductors, and medicines .
Nano-fertilizers are nanoscale materials, commonly in the form of nanoparticles, that contain macro and micronutrients and are delivered to crops in a regulated manner. Based on its formulation, nano-fertilizers are classified into three types: Nanoscale fertilizer is comparable to conventional fertilizer but smaller in size.Nanoparticles are often utilized. A nano supplemental fertilizer is a regular fertilizer that contains nanomaterials. Nanoscale coating fertilizer is nutrient-encased by nanofilms in nanoscale pores on a host material. Nanocomposite frameworks for controlling nutrition distribution have been created using nutrients enclosed by films or embedded in tiny holes inside a carrier material such as ceramics. A nanoscale regime product that distributes nourishment to crops.

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Paper Title	Advancements in Water Purification Technologies
Author Name	Omkar Vilas Tembekar
Author Email	shobhawaghmode@gmail.com
Country	India
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10677354
Page No.	47-54
Abstract     Download Pdf

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Advancements in Water Purification Technologies

Author (Omkar Vilas Tembekar)

Water scarcity and contamination remain critical global challenges, necessitating continuous advancements in water purification technologies. This comprehensive review synthesizes recent research on various water purification methods, encompassing both traditional and emerging technologies. The urgent need for clean water sources due to population growth, industrialization, and environmental degradation underscores the significance of this review. The literature survey included a systematic search across multiple databases, encompassing studies published over the past decade. Key search terms focused on diverse water purification techniques, such as filtration, chemical treatment, membrane processes, and advanced oxidation processes. Rigorous inclusion criteria were applied to ensure the selection of studies contributing substantially to the understanding of water purification advancements.Results highlight the efficacy of novel materials, such as graphenbased filters and nanocomposite membranes, in enhancing water treatment efficiency.

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Paper Title	Removal of mercury from industrial waste water using low absorbent charcoal (black babul shell)
Author Name	Bhoi Payal, Harish chandra
Author Email	shobhawaghmode@gmail.com
Country	India
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10677356
Page No.	55-57
Abstract     Download Pdf

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Removal of mercury from industrial waste water using low absorbent charcoal (black babul shell)

Author (Bhoi Payal, Harish chandra )

Pollution is occurring in the way like water pollution, air pollution, land pollution etc. This pollution occurs due to human activities like, industrilization, burning of fossil fuels, mining, Agricultural, activities.
As we know that, industrial wastages relies into water bodies like river, lake, and ocean without any proper treatment. This industrial waste is in the form of liquid, solid, waste, heavy metals Like mercury, Cr, Zn,Cu,On, Cd.It causes serious water, pollution and effect of aquatic plants and animals .It causes skin problems, immunity problem, Damage, News, System, Lung Cancer, Diabetes, Anemia and Respiratory Problem etc. Mixed with water, heavy toxic methods in this which is harmful to living organism. It also affects the soil fertility. So, that we have decided to work on this series problem and decided to work recycle this industrial waste water by using natural agricultural waste. Babhul shell, Coconut shell and wood appleshell is an agriculture solid waste, was chemically treated and used for the adsorption of heavy metals from aqueous solution.
Heavy metalbecomes a serious problem to society in the view of water pollution. The conc.of heavy metal increase mainly due to the activities like mining, agricultural waste products.Separation of this heavy metal from water many treatments are available for the removal of heavy metals from waste water. Adsorption process is being widely used by various reaseachers for the removal of heavy metals from waste water. Activated Carbon has been frequently used as an adsorbent.

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Paper Title	Exploring Green Extracts for Silver Nanoparticle Synthesis
Author Name	Aswale Prajakta Rushikesh
Author Email	prajaktaaswale45@gmail
Country	India
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10677364
Page No.	58-65
Abstract     Download Pdf

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Exploring Green Extracts for Silver Nanoparticle Synthesis

Author (Aswale Prajakta Rushikesh)

This inclusive review explores the synthesis of AgNPs using eco-friendly green methodologies, specifically plant extracts. This environmental friendly approach has emerged as a economical and simple option to conventional chemical process. The synthesis of AgNPs from plant extracts involves a “green” route, emphasizing aqueous extracts from diverse plant sources. In addition to the synthesis process, the potential of these green-synthesized AgNPs are discussed in this review.
The goal of this study was to deliver a inclusive overview of the green synthesis of Ag nano particles using plant extracts, shedding light on potential applications, and paving the way for continued innovation in this eco-friendly and promising field. In this study, various green extraction methods for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles are compared and their effectiveness is discussed. In this review, an exploration of silver nanoparticle synthesis using different plant extracts is presented. The different sizes and structures arising from these extraction methods will be carefully examined and compared. By examining the intricacies of the synthesis processes, this review aims to clarify not only the scientific implications but also the practical applications that may arise from preparing nanoparticles based on plant extract variation

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Paper Title	Synthesis of azo dye by coupling of diazonium salt with α-naphthol, β-naphthol
Author Name	Deshmukh Pratiksha Pramod
Author Email	mukundraj9@gmail.com
Country	India
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10677370
Page No.	66-71
Abstract     Download Pdf

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Synthesis of azo dye by coupling of diazonium salt with α-naphthol, β-naphthol

Author (Deshmukh Pratiksha Pramod)

The continuous growth of population and increasing industrial activities in the different sectors, viz., textiles, leather, plastics, cosmetics and food processing industries require the development of varying nature of novel dyes. Among the dyes used in different industries, azo dyes are considered to be the most widely consumed and play an important role in the dyeing of textiles, leather, and plastics, etc.

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Paper Title	Study on the Impact Of Green Chemistry In Secondary School Students Daily Life
Author Name	Parkhe Rushikesh Rajendra
Author Email	rushikeshparkhe405@gmail.com
Country	India
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10677381
Page No.	72-75
Abstract     Download Pdf

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Study on the Impact Of Green Chemistry In Secondary School Students Daily Life

Author (Parkhe Rushikesh Rajendra)

The goal of the current study was to determine how green chemistry might be used in daily life to produce environmental Consciousness among students in secondary education. Through When the investigation was conducted, the researcher discovered that the notion of was generally understood. Green chemistry for kids in secondary education That is, eighty percent of students in secondary schools have An average degree of familiarity with the idea of Green chemistry, with 64% of the pupils possessing Average awareness of day-to-day activities Use of environmentally friendly chemicals. The results have shown that pupils in secondary schools are Eager to use environmentally friendly chemistry in of their course work.

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Paper Title	Ecofriendly/Green Firecrackers In Comparison With the Old Firecrackers
Author Name	Vrushali Deshmukh
Author Email	shobhawaghmode@gmail.com
Country	India
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10677393
Page No.	76-80
Abstract     Download Pdf

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Ecofriendly/Green Firecrackers In Comparison With the Old Firecrackers

Author (Vrushali Deshmukh)

Firework is a small object that burns or explodes with colored light and loud sounds, use for entertainment. But it affect air quality by emmiting pollutants on large scale. It’s observed that it leads health effects like skin, respiratory, nervous system cause of presence of heavy metals in air due to pollution. Traditionally in all firework barium(Ba) and potassium nitrates, sulfur lead are used. Bariumcompounds are used as oxidizers and also to impart green colour flame. Combustion products of barium compounds are water soluble and readily absorbed by the body affecting human health.
To reduce the ambient air pollution caused due to burning of conventional firecrackers, CSIR NEERI has developed reduced emission firecrackers (green crackers). This is achieved by reducing the amount of chemicals, barium nitrate, shell size and addition of additives such as zeolite and iron oxide. Four types of conventional and reduced emission firecrackers were selected and tested inside a firecracker emission testing facility to check the levels of barium in PM10 and PM2.5. The measured mean concentrations of all types of green crackers provided by fireworks manufacturers show significantly reduced barium concentration by 30–60% compared to conventional crackers.

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Paper Title	Bacteriological Water testing in different regions of Ludhiana district, Punjab, India
Author Name	Monica Mahajan, Khushboo Bhardwaj, Tavinderjeet Kaur, Tanu Manra, Sumedha Dabral
Author Email	monicamahajan1980@gmail.com
Country	India
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10677399
Page No.	81-87
Abstract     Download Pdf

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Bacteriological Water testing in different regions of Ludhiana district, Punjab, India

Author (Monica Mahajan, Khushboo Bhardwaj, Tavinderjeet Kaur, Tanu Manra, Sumedha Dabral)

Drinking water is one of the basic needs of life and essential for survival. In this study, the microbiological examination of drinking water and water used for domestic purposes in Ludhiana district was carried out to ascertain their suitability for consumption, and presence of various microorganisms which are water borne. A total of forty (40) water samples were collected from the various regions of Ludhiana. All the areas of study showed 20-40% potability. The present findings provide an insight into the quality of drinking water in the areas of study and can be used by local water authority to ensure the supply of safe drinking water among population.

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